Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA) Practice Exam

What effect does epinephrine have on systolic blood pressure?

1. Decreased systolic BP

2. No effect on systolic BP

3. Increased systolic BP

4. Variable effects on systolic BP

The correct answer is: Increased systolic BP

Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is a powerful vasopressor and inotropic agent commonly used in emergency situations and anesthesia. Its primary mechanism of action involves stimulating both alpha and beta-adrenergic receptors. The stimulation of beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the heart increases heart rate and contractility, which typically leads to an increase in cardiac output. Additionally, the stimulation of beta-2 receptors causes vasodilation in certain vascular beds, while alpha-1 receptor activation can cause vasoconstriction in others. When considering its effects on systolic blood pressure, the increased cardiac output due to enhanced heart rate and contractility, combined with the increased vascular resistance from alpha-1 receptor stimulation, leads to an overall increase in systolic blood pressure. This is especially important in critical care settings where maintaining adequate perfusion pressure is crucial for organ function. Therefore, the correct answer highlights that epinephrine increases systolic blood pressure through its multifaceted actions on the cardiovascular system.